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<blockquote id=""><em id="">The bullwhip effect typically starts at the store and moves up the supply chain to the wholesaler, distributor, manufacturer, and finally the raw materials supplier.</em></blockquote><p id="">The bullwhip effect on a supply chain happens when shifts in customer demand prompt businesses to place more orders for products to satisfy the new demand. This result arises from the fact that the demand for items is dependent on demand estimates from businesses rather than actual consumer demand, and it can be seen in most supply chains across many industries.</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bullwhip_effect" target="_blank"><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f221ea0a3531379525477_Blog-Creative-1.png" loading="lazy" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f221ea0a3531379525477_Blog-Creative-1.png" style="width: auto; height: auto;"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Causes of Bullwhip Effect</strong></h3><p id="">The two fundamental reasons for occurrence of bullwhip effect in the supply chain are as follows:</p><p id="">1) Error in forecasting: Businesses that launch new products into the market make demand projections based on the condition of the market. Most firms in the supply chain place orders for more than they can sell to avoid product shortages and lost sales. The "excess" inventory starts to grow or shrink because of the supply and demand swings that occur in the market regularly. </p><p id="">2) Operational causes: Individual demand projections provided by each supplier company in the supply chain are the primary operational cause of the bullwhip effect. However, it does not affect the customers who will buy the items. Another frequent operational cause is a lack of communication; businesses may fail to pass information about current market circumstances up the supply chain, which results in incorrect inventory levels.</p><h3 id=""><strong id="">Example of the Bullwhip Effect</strong></h3><p id="">Let us say a bakery sells on average 200 packets of a particular bread variety every week. One week, though, they sell 350 packets of those bread. This might have happened because they ran a promotional campaign or other stores may have shut down temporarily.</p><p id="">The bakery now thinks that its customers want more of that bread because the demand increased drastically. Eventually, they decide to keep 300 packets instead of 200 to meet the higher forecasted demand. The bread manufacturer starts producing 400 packets so that they don’t run out of stock. To maintain sufficient raw material levels, the manufacturer orders more quantity from its suppliers. </p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bullwhip_effect" target="_blank"><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f224556fe413902d3d886_Blog-Creative-2.png" loading="lazy" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f224556fe413902d3d886_Blog-Creative-2.png" style="width: auto; height: auto;"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Steps to Minimize Bullwhip Effect</strong></h3><p id="">Let us look at how we can address the causes of the bullwhip effect most effectively to reduce loss and cost.</p><p id="">1) Improving communication throughout the supply chain: For the past few years, supply chain partners have worked to increase communication, visibility, and transparency, but now it is more crucial than ever. Partners should establish regular weekly and daily communication as well as adopt uniform technology that is widely accepted and used to achieve this.</p><p id="">2) Using better forecasting models: The bullwhip effect is mostly caused by inaccurate demand forecasting. To prevent one wrong order from upsetting the entire chain, it is essential to implement improved forecasting techniques. Many cutting-edge technologies make it easier and more precise to forecast demand, from the customer all the way back to production and raw materials.</p><p id="">3) Consistency in pricing: Deals and discounts are effective at moving inventory and attracting new customers, but they can also lead to significant swings in trade that are challenging to manage. These kinds of swings need to be fully anticipated and planned for beforehand. Consistently providing reasonable product prices reduces sale surges that ultimately result in inaccurate demand orders and a negative bullwhip effect.</p><p id="">4) Customer service enhancement: Understanding what consumers want and decreasing cancelled or returned orders are both made possible by excellent customer service. A strong line of demand is created by customer service team's ability to significantly lower returns. This results in a more streamlined ordering pattern where demand is taken into consideration without speculation, loss, or harm.</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bullwhip_effect" target="_blank"><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f226681a8e6b413a2e2fa_Blog-Creative-3.png" loading="lazy" id="" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f226681a8e6b413a2e2fa_Blog-Creative-3.png"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Conclusion</strong></h3><p id="">The various participants in the supply chain, such as the buyers, suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers, have a limited amount of power over the entire process, but every participant is influenced by what others do. These various parties' efforts to adjust to shifts in demand cause ripple effects throughout the chain. Retailers, manufacturers, and other suppliers in a certain supply chain can avoid the bullwhip impact by using improved planning and communication methods.</p>

Bullwhip Effect

<blockquote id=""><em id="">Typically, 3PL companies arrange for their clients' incoming and outbound transportation and warehousing transportation. The majority of 3PL companies have contracts with other freight and shipping companies, and they either own or rent the warehouse space that they give to their customers.</em> </blockquote><p id="">Third-party logistics is referred to as 3PL. It refers to contracting out your order management and fulfilment to a different business. There are numerous sorts of 3PL service providers, each of which handles a distinct task, depending on the needs of your business.</p><p id="">As per a <a href="https://www.3plogistics.com/3pl-customers-report-identifies-service-trends-3pl-market-segment-sizes-growth-rates/" id="">research</a> published by Armstrong &amp; Associates, 90% of Fortune 500 organisations seek assistance from third-party logistics (3PL) companies. The 3PL business has expanded at an exponential rate alongside the e-commerce industry and is expected to reach $1.75 trillion by 2026.</p><p id="">A 3PL aids retailers in controlling their supply chain. Typical 3PL services include order fulfilment, shipment coordination, retail distribution, exchanges, and returns in addition to the administration of warehouses and inventories. A 3PL facilitates the ability to focus on other aspects of a merchant's business is ultimately made possible by working with a 3PL.</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=incoterm&amp;utm_campaign=milk-run-blog" target="_blank" id=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f221ea0a3531379525477_Blog-Creative-1.png" loading="lazy" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f221ea0a3531379525477_Blog-Creative-1.png" style="width: auto; height: auto;"></div></a></figure><p id="">3PLs have been and will continue to be the secret ingredient that has helped many prosperous businesses survive the current supply chain crises. Unfortunately, the incidents of political unrest, natural calamities, a lack of human resources, and regulatory difficulties that we have witnessed over the past two years are not an outlier. Experts report that severe supply chain disruptions now occur every 3.7 years, indicating that these disruptions are occurring more frequently and with greater intensity.</p><h3 id=""><strong id="">Evaluating 3PL Partner</strong></h3><p id="">To get the best results from working with 3PL partner, you can keep the following points in mind:</p><p id="">1) <strong id="">Operations</strong>: Operational effectiveness is a prerequisite. All other considerations are irrelevant if the 3PL's performance metrics are unsatisfactory.<br></p><p id="">2) <strong id="">Pricing</strong>: Any brand finds it difficult to justify "paying more" because logistics (shipping + fulfilment) is a cost centre. But if the past few years have taught us anything, it's that it's not always wise to choose low-cost executives for various positions in one's company.</p><p id="">3) <strong id="">Technology</strong>: We categorise technology into two categories: (a) analytics/dashboards and (b) speed to integration, or how quickly and effectively they can interact with your technology platform. </p><p id="">4) <strong id="">Culture</strong>: To do this, you must get to know the entire 3PL team, not just the salespeople. Visits to the location are highly recommended so that you can tour the space, assess the layout and cleanliness, and, most importantly, get to know the people who will be doing the work for you—for example, the general manager, operations managers, etc.</p><p id="">5) <strong id="">Location</strong>: While some brands prefer locating a 3PL close by based on the distance to their home or workplace, we recommend focusing on your end user's proximity. This decreases the amount of money spent on shipping and the amount of time it takes for a package to arrive once it has been picked up by the carrier (costs rise with distance shipped).</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=incoterm&amp;utm_campaign=milk-run-blog" target="_blank" id=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f224556fe413902d3d886_Blog-Creative-2.png" loading="lazy" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f224556fe413902d3d886_Blog-Creative-2.png" style="width: auto; height: auto;"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Advantages of 3PL</strong></h3><p id="">The advantages of using a 3PL service are numerous. The biggest benefit is that by contracting out these services, the company can concentrate on other areas of its operations. Let us talk get to know a few of these benefits. </p><p id="">1) <strong>Focus</strong><strong id="">:</strong> Companies with little logistics skills can focus on their main competencies, such as product development, marketing, sales, and business expansion, without having to get engaged in these crucial but non-core tasks. Because of this, businesses may profit from expert logistical knowledge without having to neglect other, more crucial duties.</p><p id="">2) <strong>Cost and time reduction</strong>: Due to their expertise in logistics, 3PL providers will have a larger network than the supply chain of a typical business. They will presumably be more powerful in negotiations, have more privileged connections within the logistics sector, and be able to provide bigger volume discounts to customers. All of these could reduce overhead expenses. </p><p id="">3) <strong>Flexibility</strong>: Third-party logistics providers can give greater flexibility for geographic distribution and offer various services than client companies could arrange for themselves. Zone skipping, a freight consolidation technique that allows businesses to combine their packages and dispatch them across many locations, is an advantage that many 3PL suppliers pass along to potential clients. It results in lower shipping costs because it shortens the distance between the goods that need to be sent and the customers. Moreover, this allows companies to manage their resources predictably and accurately.</p><p id="">4) <strong>Scalability</strong>: Using 3PL provider services makes it simple to expand a business into new countries and regions, particularly emerging nations, without making any significant financial commitments like hiring employees or renting a warehouse. A company can enhance customer service, take advantage of new supply chains, and enter untapped markets by getting a 3PL. </p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=incoterm&amp;utm_campaign=milk-run-blog" target="_blank" id=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f226681a8e6b413a2e2fa_Blog-Creative-3.png" loading="lazy" id="" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f226681a8e6b413a2e2fa_Blog-Creative-3.png"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Activities under Third-Party Logistics</strong></h3><p id="">3PL Providers perform several functions. Let us try to know a few of them:</p><p id="">1) <strong>Shipping and transportation</strong>: These businesses frequently highlight technology, usually integrated freight management services or a Transportation Management System (TMS). These technological advancements were designed to boost productivity and simplify repetitive, monotonous tasks like financial reporting and freight payment.</p><p id="">2) <strong>Warehouse</strong>: 3PL companies support a company's warehousing processes with a focus on safely keeping goods. Numerous 3PL warehouse companies offer flexible storage management options.</p><p id="">3) <strong>Distribution</strong>: A lot of 3PL companies also provide a range of wholesale and distribution services, such as manufacturing, picking, packing, and outbound order fulfilment.</p><p id="">4) <strong>Customs clearance</strong>: For most businesses, it might be challenging to find dependable and consistent freight brokerage. By cutting out the middlemen, however, partnering with 3PL suppliers can simplify the process.</p>

Third-party Logistics (3PL)

<blockquote id=""><em id="">The milk run has evolved over time to better integrate the logistical chain through planned routes. During large batch deliveries, this technique allowed for a reduction in the number of trucks while still maximising demand and the number of trips.</em> </blockquote><p id="">A Milk Run is a logistics delivery technique that guarantees that various deliveries from multiple vendors may be handled with optimal capacity utilisation and minimal expenditures. The term "Milk Run" refers to the process by which vehicles pick up milk from various suppliers and transfer it to a central location for processing. This method is how dairy cooperatives get their daily supply of milk. </p><p id="">A milk run makes sure that the shortest possible distance is covered and that the highest amount of demand is loaded into the truck or delivery vehicle to meet both the demand requirement and the need for efficient transportation at the lowest possible cost.</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=incoterm&amp;utm_campaign=milk-run-blog" target="_blank" id=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f221ea0a3531379525477_Blog-Creative-1.png" loading="lazy" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f221ea0a3531379525477_Blog-Creative-1.png" style="width: auto; height: auto;"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Importance of Milk Run</strong></h3><p id="">The milk run method is important as it encourages a process that is more effective and less expensive. Instead of each supplier or vendor sending several deliveries to a single point of demand, a single delivery vehicle travels to multiple sites to pick up the items. This guarantees cheaper costs and full vehicle use. It circles back around.</p><p id="">In lean and agile firms where reducing costs is essential, the milk run has become a significant concept. It makes sure that material delivery occurs at the most advantageous periods and is closely related to just in time.</p><h3 id=""><strong id="">Milk Run and Material Handling </strong></h3><p id="">Many lean manufacturing firms now frequently use the milk run approach within their operations. The lean philosophy places a strong emphasis on streamlining every step of manufacturing, including transportation and material handling. Simply said, the milk run method enables more frequent deliveries of materials and supplies to several assembly areas or areas of your business that require restocking. This frequently lowers the levels of overstocking or the need to manually request more materials. </p><p id="">Different components of the machinery are made in various areas of the facility. The assembly is done by a different team. The assembly division could receive finished items from each fabrication department. Sending a driver to each sector to load and carry all the pieces to the assembly location would likely be more effective, though. In this case, one driver replaces several, allowing each department's employees to focus on fabrication.</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=incoterm&amp;utm_campaign=milk-run-blog" target="_blank" id=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f224556fe413902d3d886_Blog-Creative-2.png" loading="lazy" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f224556fe413902d3d886_Blog-Creative-2.png" style="width: auto; height: auto;"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Adopting Milk Run in Supply Chain</strong></h3><p id="">The most typical configuration of this set-up involves operators and material handlers following predetermined standard delivery routes all throughout the building. These supplies are typically made to portions of the facility that are on the assembly line and are always in need of replenishment. For maximum efficiency throughout the shift, these delivery routes are typically timed out, allowing the assemblers to continue working in accordance with production schedules.</p><p id="">Before you get it right, adopting milk run may require a lot of testing, experimentation, and patience. One of the most important aspects of how you would need to set up your milk run routes is the layout of your facility or factory. The length of the route and the separation between the storage area and the various assembly locations all have a significant impact on how effective and efficient the route is.</p><p id="">It's simplest to describe the procedure using an example. Let's imagine that numerous growers from a single area provide wheat to a mill that produces flour. Every day, a delivery vehicle from each farm could deliver a load of grain to the mill.</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=incoterm&amp;utm_campaign=milk-run-blog" target="_blank" id=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f226681a8e6b413a2e2fa_Blog-Creative-3.png" loading="lazy" id="" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f226681a8e6b413a2e2fa_Blog-Creative-3.png"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Example of Milk Run</strong></h3><p id="">An automobile company can offer a good example of a milk run in logistics. Cars require numerous suppliers to deliver individual components. One truck may be dispatched by the manufacturer on a regular basis to make a milk run. That truck may make a circuit of pickups to collect the materials required for car assembly, such as steel, rubber, plastics, and aluminium.</p><p id="">The best method for this to happen is for the suppliers to be strategically placed geographically close to the manufacturing site and to one another. The milk run concept in logistics is related with just-in-time delivery requirements in addition to this advantage of combined pickup and delivery. The runs are planned at intervals to prevent downtime and to prevent overstocking supplies at the manufacturing site.</p><p id="">To be most effective, this technique probably needs to be improved over time. Along with explicit cost-sharing and scheduling agreements, it also needs support from all linked suppliers.</p><p id="">An efficient milk run in logistics therefore becomes routine, with loaders at each supplier arranging loads for pickup on time, the driver's journey time being planned, and receiving staff at the factory or other facility prepared for delivery at the predetermined time. This provides better operational certainty for loaders and receivers, as well as the opportunity to allocate resources only, when necessary, rather than continuously.</p><p id="">Optimizing both internal and external supply chains can be done in several innovative ways, such as a milk run. Cogoport can provide you services to help you manage your supply chain. Share your logistics requirements with us, and we will get in touch with you to talk about solutions.</p>

Milk Run in logistics

<blockquote id=""><em id="">Logistics expenses might be decreased if freight could be transferred seamlessly between road transport and other modes of freight transit. The government's initiative to create Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs) promises to reduce logistics costs and cut down on transportation delays.</em></blockquote><p id="">The Indian government has undertaken several measures over the years to improve the nation's logistics system and promote efficient freight movement. According to estimates, India spends close to twice as much on supply chains and logistics as industrialised nations like the US, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, or around 14% of its GDP.</p><p id="">Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs) are to be developed as part of the National Logistics Policy 2022 for increased efficiency and connectivity. To do this, however, several obstacles must be overcome, including securing a sizeable amount of funding, adjacent land for building, and enticing policies to encourage developers. Therefore, a multifaceted strategy would be necessary to provide an enabling environment and lay a solid foundation for MMLPs.</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=incoterm&amp;utm_campaign=MMLP-blog" target="_blank" id=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f221ea0a3531379525477_Blog-Creative-1.png" loading="lazy" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f221ea0a3531379525477_Blog-Creative-1.png" style="width: auto; height: auto;"></div></a></figure><p id="">A stable policy environment, clear governance structures, and a secure investment and financing framework are some of the essential elements needed to lay a strong basis for a logistics network supported by MMLPs. To further guarantee the success of MMLPs, well defined operational models concentrating on interactions among governmental bodies, the private sector, and industries would be required.</p><h3 id=""><strong id="">What Are Multi-modal Logistics Parks?</strong></h3><p id="">MMLPs are logistical facilities created with assistance from state and central government organisations, and active private sector participation. They are planned to have the infrastructure required to accommodate liquid cargo, grain silos, bulk cargo, containerized cargo, bulk cargo, and other logistics modes based on regional economic demands, and to promote efficient logistical operations.</p><p id="">The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways' (MoRTH) Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Programme (LEEP) launched the MMLP in 2017, and it has since grown to be the country's most significant transformational multimodal initiative. As an integrated freight handling facility, MMLPs are made to perform a variety of value-added activities to streamline and improve the efficiency of the entire supply chain. MMLPs would operate according to a hub-and-spoke system, acting as the central warehouse for nearby regions' freight activities.</p><p id="">Incentives for sustainability and scale should be related to MMLPs to draw capital and lower the cost of logistics for the economy. For the industry to lower its cost-to-GDP ratio and introduce speed and cost reductions, the development of warehousing and material handling based on international standards is essential. The future of scalable, contemporary, automated, and effective warehousing in India may be MMLPs, which might improve India's export competitiveness, speed up trade, and decrease regional inequality.</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=incoterm&amp;utm_campaign=MMLP-blog" target="_blank" id=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f224556fe413902d3d886_Blog-Creative-2.png" loading="lazy" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f224556fe413902d3d886_Blog-Creative-2.png" style="width: auto; height: auto;"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Sustainability and Multi-modal Logistics Parks</strong></h3><p id="">Efforts to decarbonize the logistics industry would lower carbon emissions and assist India in meeting its obligations under the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The decarbonization of the transportation sector in India has received more attention because it accounts for over 14% of the country's carbon emissions.</p><p id="">The sustained growth of the world economy requires the support of a successful freight transportation system, which is becoming more and more important because of growing global economic integration. Multimodal transportation, which utilises two or more modes of transportation, has the potential to significantly increase transportation efficiency while lowering transportation costs for the entire process integration organisation. </p><p id="">According to data, multimodal transportation can increase transportation efficiency by 30%, decrease cargo damage by 10%, lower transportation costs by 20%, lessen traffic on the roads by more than 50%, and increase energy conservation and emissions reduction by more than one third.</p><h3 id=""><strong id="">Multi-modal Strategy: Building Resilience</strong></h3><p id="">Businesses can improve the sustainability and resilience of their supply chains by implementing the proper multimodal approach. For businesses that rely mostly on trucks, for instance, roadwork and regular traffic congestion might be a challenge for deliveries that must be made on time. </p><p id="">Even for non-bulk freight and shorter distances, switching to rail or inland waterways for some of the distribution demand may prove to be the best option. Combining rail and air freight could be another way to cut expenses while maintaining day-definite service. Another option is to mix air and ocean travel.</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><a href="https://cogoport.com/signup/?utm_source=web&amp;utm_medium=incoterm&amp;utm_campaign=MMLP-blog" target="_blank" id=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e57ba59552cf400c593fd16/638f226681a8e6b413a2e2fa_Blog-Creative-3.png" loading="lazy" id="" width="auto" height="auto" alt="638f226681a8e6b413a2e2fa_Blog-Creative-3.png"></div></a></figure><h3 id=""><strong id="">Benefits of Multi-modal Transport</strong></h3><p id="">a) Reduces time lost at transhipment sites: Multimodal transport, which is planned and coordinated as a single operation, reduces time lost at transhipment points as well as the danger of cargo loss, theft, and damage. At transhipment sites, the multimodal transport operator arranges interchange and onward carriage efficiently while keeping his own communication channels.</p><p id="">b) Offers faster goods transit: Multimodal transport lessens the drawbacks of being far from markets and locking up capital by enabling faster goods transit. Due to the growth of multimodal transportation, the distance between the origin or source of materials and the customer is expanding in this period of globalisation.</p><p id="">c) Reduces paperwork and formality burden: The amount of paperwork and other formalities associated with each link in the transport chain are kept to a minimum.</p><p id=""> d) Single window operation: To transport products, the consignor must deal only with the multimodal transport operator. This includes resolving claims for lost, damaged, or late deliveries at their destination.</p><p id="">e) Lowers export costs: The inherent benefits of a multimodal transportation system will contribute to lowering export costs and enhancing their ability to compete on the global market.</p><p id="">To spur infrastructure development, the Indian government plans to finish building 35 Multi-modal Logistics Parks over the coming years. </p>

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